Table II-A--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca [B. caapi] Plants (Dried Stems)

.........................................Alkaloid Range.............Average
Hochstein & Paradies 1957 (1)                ---                    0.30%
Poisson 1965 (1 sample)                      ---                    0.21%
Schultes et al 1969 (2 samples)           0.40-0.50%                0.45%
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (15 samples)       0.05-0.83%                0.35%
McKenna et al 1984 (6 samples)            0.17-1.36%                0.78%
Overall Average (all 25 samples)          0.05-1.36%                0.45%

Table II-B--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Leaf Admixture.

..........................................DMT Range.................Average
Diplopterys cabrerana
Poisson 1965 (1 sample)                      ---                    0.64%
Der Marderosian et al 1968 (1)            1.33-1.75%                1.46%
Agurell et al 1968 (1 sample)                ---                    0.46%
McKenna et al 1984 (1 sample)                ---                    0.17%
Overall Average (all 4 samples)           0.17-1.75%                0.68%
Psychotria species (P. viridis, P. carthaginensis, nai kawa)
Der Marderosian et al 1970 1970 (4)       0.16-0.22%                0.19%
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (3)                0.00-0.66%                0.33%
McKenna et al 1984 (4)                    0.00-0.16%                0.10%
Overall average (all 11 samples)          0.00-0.66%                0.20%

Table II-C--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Potions (Average Per Dose)

...........................................Beta-Carbolines..........DMT
Der Marderosian et al 1970 (1)              20 mg                 30 mg
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (9)                  40 mg                 25 mg
McKenna et al 1984 (5)                     401 mg                 36 mg
Liwszyc et al 1992 (1, Santo Daime)        144 mg                 26 mg
Overall Average (all 16 samples)           158 mg                 29 mg

References:
Agurell, S. et al. 1968.  "Alkaloid content of Bansteriopsis rusbyana."
        American Journal of Pharmacy 140(5):  148-151.
Agurell, S. et al. 1969.  "Alkaloids in certain species of Virola and other
        South American plants of ethnopharmacologic interest."  Acta Chemica
        Scandinavica 23(3):  903-916.
Der Marderosian, A. H. et al. 1968.  "Native use and occurence [sic] of N,N-
        dimethyltryptamine in the leaves of Banisteriopsis rusbyana."  American
        Journal of Pharmacy 140(5):  137-147.
Hochstein, F. A. and A. M. Paradies. 1957.  "Alkaloids of Banisteria caapi and
        Prestonia amazonicum [sic]."  Journal of the American Chemical Society
        79:  5735-5736.
Liwszyc, G. E. et al. 1992.  "Daime--A ritual herbal potion."  Journal of
        Ethnopharmacology 36(1):  91-92.
McKenna, D. J. et al. 1984.  "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American
        hallucinogenic plants:  Tryptamine and Beta-Carboline constituents of
        ayahuasca."  Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10(2):  195-223.
Poisson, J. 1965.  "Note surle 'Natem', boisson toxique peruvienne et es
        alcaloides" Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises 23(4):  241-244.
Schultes, R. E. 1969.  "De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale
        commentationes V.  Virola as an orally administered hallucinogen"
        Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 22(6): 229-240.

Ayahuasca Analogues Home Page Previous Table Next Table