Table II-A--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca [B. caapi] Plants (Dried
Stems)
.........................................Alkaloid Range.............Average
Hochstein & Paradies 1957 (1) --- 0.30%
Poisson 1965 (1 sample) --- 0.21%
Schultes et al 1969 (2 samples) 0.40-0.50% 0.45%
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (15 samples) 0.05-0.83% 0.35%
McKenna et al 1984 (6 samples) 0.17-1.36% 0.78%
Overall Average (all 25 samples) 0.05-1.36% 0.45%
Table II-B--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Leaf Admixture.
..........................................DMT Range.................Average
Diplopterys cabrerana
Poisson 1965 (1 sample) --- 0.64%
Der Marderosian et al 1968 (1) 1.33-1.75% 1.46%
Agurell et al 1968 (1 sample) --- 0.46%
McKenna et al 1984 (1 sample) --- 0.17%
Overall Average (all 4 samples) 0.17-1.75% 0.68%
Psychotria species (P. viridis, P. carthaginensis, nai kawa)
Der Marderosian et al 1970 1970 (4) 0.16-0.22% 0.19%
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (3) 0.00-0.66% 0.33%
McKenna et al 1984 (4) 0.00-0.16% 0.10%
Overall average (all 11 samples) 0.00-0.66% 0.20%
Table II-C--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Potions (Average Per Dose)
...........................................Beta-Carbolines..........DMT
Der Marderosian et al 1970 (1) 20 mg 30 mg
Rivier & Lindgren 1972 (9) 40 mg 25 mg
McKenna et al 1984 (5) 401 mg 36 mg
Liwszyc et al 1992 (1, Santo Daime) 144 mg 26 mg
Overall Average (all 16 samples) 158 mg 29 mg
References:
Agurell, S. et al. 1968. "Alkaloid content of Bansteriopsis rusbyana."
American Journal of Pharmacy 140(5): 148-151.
Agurell, S. et al. 1969. "Alkaloids in certain species of Virola and other
South American plants of ethnopharmacologic interest." Acta Chemica
Scandinavica 23(3): 903-916.
Der Marderosian, A. H. et al. 1968. "Native use and occurence [sic] of N,N-
dimethyltryptamine in the leaves of Banisteriopsis rusbyana." American
Journal of Pharmacy 140(5): 137-147.
Hochstein, F. A. and A. M. Paradies. 1957. "Alkaloids of Banisteria caapi and
Prestonia amazonicum [sic]." Journal of the American Chemical Society
79: 5735-5736.
Liwszyc, G. E. et al. 1992. "Daime--A ritual herbal potion." Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 36(1): 91-92.
McKenna, D. J. et al. 1984. "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American
hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and Beta-Carboline constituents of
ayahuasca." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10(2): 195-223.
Poisson, J. 1965. "Note surle 'Natem', boisson toxique peruvienne et es
alcaloides" Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises 23(4): 241-244.
Schultes, R. E. 1969. "De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale
commentationes V. Virola as an orally administered hallucinogen"
Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 22(6): 229-240.
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