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What
will GHB do to me?
 : Although regarded as a "nutritional supplement" by the U.S. government, GHB is unquestionably a psychoactive drug. It is an accepted treatment in Europe for alcohol withdrawal and maintaining abstinence, and has demonstrated excellent potential for treating narcolepsy*. It has, at times, been used as an antidepressant and a preoperative anaesthetic (which is not as serious as it sounds - a separate drug needs to be administered to produce unconsciousness deep enough to perform surgery). GHB has also been studied as a tranquilizer in normal subjects as well as those with chronic insomnia, and it shows distinct advantages over our current choice of sedatives.
 : However, this document deals with the sporadic recreational use of GHB. If you are interested in learning about therapeutic uses of GHB, see the GHB Therapy FAQ, and, as I will insist there, see your doctor.
In short, a small dose of GHB will lend the user 1-4 hours
of relaxation, disinhibition*, giddiness, sociability, and/or Big Fun. That
figure is serious; GHB is a quick, clean trip which leaves the user surprisingly clear-headed and sober. You can schedule a 5:00 job interview and take a small dose
of GHB in the morning without having to worry about snapping into
reality to find yourself with your teeth embedded in someone's desk, wearing
his tie as a loincloth. There is absolutely no "hangover" effect, although
people who take larger doses and fall asleep may not be too happy about
being awakened.
Some drugs have strictly delimited "plateaus*." While GHB
is not one, its effects do break down into several rough categories depending
on dosage. To learn how to calibrate your own dose, see below.
Recreational and Entheogenic* Effects:
Low (The "Happy" phase):
Euphoria*
Sociability - one of GHB's most intriguing properties.
Human contact, both physical and mental, becomes more appealing. Rat-contact
is similarly enhanced [86].
Lightheadedness
Inebriation* and disinhibition, equivalent to a few alcoholic
drinks
Ataxia*
Aphrodisia - Aside from general disinhibition and sensitization,
GHB has been reported to increase erectile capacity and both time required for and quality of orgasm in both sexes [94].
Medium (The "Sleepy" phase):
Intensification of low-dose effects
Sleep - The property of GHB that caused perhaps the greatest
initial stir in the medical community is its ability to induce sleep that
is undistinguishable, subjectively and objectively, from the normal variety.
This sleep may be of normal duration, or you may awaken to full alertness
after a few hours [4].
High (The "Dopey" phase):
Coma - Or something that meets physical criteria
for coma*. One might dispute this name on the basis that the truly comatose
don't tend to awaken unharmed in 2-4 hours [52][56][37].
It is important to understand that the above sources are actual studies of patients who have "overdosed;" many of them come from sources that are actively hostile to the dissemination of GHB. It is equally important to know that the are cases in which GHB has been highly dangerous: this occurs when it is mixed with alcohol, something I cannot warn against strongly or often enough.
Stupid (The "Doc" phase):
Tracheal intubation*, high hospital bills, and
psychological evaluation: Effects confined to people who take sleep-inducing
doses without telling anyone what they're doing, as this harmless state
looks unfortunately similar to lethal opiate* overdose.
Side/Less desirable effects
Low-dose:
Those to be expected from mild impairment of
one's faculties of concentration.
Inability to drive / operate heavy machinery
Tonic-myoclionic seizures - that is, slight trembling
and loss of muscle control. Harmless but unpleasant. This effect is highly variable among users,
and poses an excellent reason to start with very small doses and slowly
work up.
Nausea - especially on an empty stomach. This is only a serious problem when combined with sleep. Make sure that whoever is watching you knows to turn you on your side or stomach.
Medium-dose:
Grogginess if awakened
Cheynes-Stokes* respiration - While frequently a cause of concern among medics, in this case it is apparently harmless.
More serious loss of coordination
Sleep paralysis - this seems to occur only in narcoleptics*
[4] and in any case, resolves
spontaneously and safely.
High-dose:
Reduced or depressed breathing - while balanced
by a reduction in energy use and a deepening of each breath[45],
this may not be safe for everyone. Doses at this level are not recommended,
nor are they particularly interesting.
Incontinence - There are some reports of people urinating or defecating uncontrollably on GHB. For some reason, this was at one time reported as a very common effect. In fact, it seems quite rare and confined only to those who have taken a dose far past that necessary to knock them out (see above). The one reader who experienced this while conscious had just crashed from a 3-day methamphetamine* binge and was debilitated in plenty of other ways, too.
Imaginary:
The media impute many fantastic and empirically unvalidated qualia to GHB.
That is to say, these things do not happen!
Hallucinations - The media like to report every new drug as a hallucinogen, no matter how wildly inappropriate. One wonders what they're smoking.
Amnesia: Perhaps due to confusion with Rohypnol.®
Heart Failure: There was one - one - case to support this belief. We now know that GHB did not kill Hillory Farias.
Death: The lowest estimated LD50* for GHB I have seen is 1100mg/kg* [33], although I believe this to be incorrect as Mamelak reports monkeys to have received 1000mg/kg without apparent harm [45] . In an average human, 1100mg/kg would be over 66g* GHB, or 22 active doses, taken all at once! If you don't mix alcohol and GHB, this just don't happen, folks.
Next Segment: Isn't GHB a date-rape drug?
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Created and maintained by Michael Cohn - michaelc@medscape.com © 1998